Who is God? – Free Assembly

The Old and New Testaments provides a comprehensive understanding of who God is according to the Scriptures. Below is a summary of God’s identity as revealed in both the Old and New Testaments:

1. Old Testament

**1. Creator of All:

Genesis 1:1: “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.”
God is introduced as the Creator of everything, the origin of all life and matter.

**2. Sovereign Lord:

Deuteronomy 6:4: “Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one.”
God is declared as the one true God, sovereign over all.

**3. Covenant Maker:

Genesis 17:1-2: God makes a covenant with Abraham, promising to make him a great nation.
God is a relational being who establishes covenants with His people, guiding and protecting them.

**4. Deliverer:

Exodus 20:2: “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.”
God is portrayed as a deliverer, rescuing His people from oppression and bondage.

**5. Lawgiver:

Exodus 20:1-17: The Ten Commandments.
God gives moral and ethical laws to His people, establishing standards for righteous living.

**6. Holy and Just:

Isaiah 6:3: “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD Almighty; the whole earth is full of his glory.”
God is depicted as holy and just, with a character that is pure and righteous.

**7. Compassionate and Gracious:

Psalm 103:8: “The LORD is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love.”
God’s character is also marked by mercy, love, and a desire to forgive.

2. New Testament

**1. God as Father:

Matthew 6:9: “Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name.”
Jesus introduces God as Father, emphasizing a personal and intimate relationship with believers.

**2. Incarnation:

John 1:14: “The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.”
God is revealed in the person of Jesus Christ, who is fully God and fully man, showing God’s willingness to dwell among humanity.

**3. Redeemer:

John 3:16: “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.”
God is portrayed as a redeemer, offering salvation and eternal life through the sacrifice of Jesus.

**4. Triune Nature:

Matthew 28:19: “Baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”
The New Testament reveals the concept of the Trinity—God is one in essence but exists in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

**5. Indwelling Spirit:

1 Corinthians 6:19: “Do you not know that your bodies are temples of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God?”
God is present with and within believers through the Holy Spirit, guiding, empowering, and transforming them.

**6. Judge and King:

Revelation 20:12: “And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened… The dead were judged according to what they had done.”
God is depicted as the ultimate judge who will bring justice to all creation, establishing His eternal kingdom.

Summary

At face value, God in the Old Testament is the Creator, Sovereign Lord, Covenant Maker, Deliverer, Lawgiver, Holy and Just, and Compassionate. In the New Testament, God is further revealed as Father, Redeemer, Triune (Father, Son, Holy Spirit), Indwelling Spirit, and the ultimate Judge and King. The New Testament deepens the understanding of God by introducing the incarnation of God in Jesus Christ and the ongoing presence of God through the Holy Spirit. Together, these scriptures present a unified yet complex portrait of God as both transcendent and immanent, just and merciful, holy and loving.

The term “The Divine Becoming One” offers a nuanced perspective on divinity that can enhance the understanding of God’s nature and His relationship with creation. Here’s why this term might be considered better or more illustrative than simply using “God”:

1. Emphasizes Relationship and Process

Theological Nuance: “The Divine Becoming One” highlights not just the static concept of God but emphasizes the dynamic and relational aspects of the divine nature. It reflects a process of unity and interaction rather than a fixed, abstract entity.
Relational Aspect: This term underscores the relational aspect of the divine, suggesting an ongoing engagement with creation and humanity. It emphasizes the process of God drawing closer to creation and uniting with it in a meaningful way.

2. Reflects the Unity of the Trinity

Trinitarian Unity: In Christian theology, God is understood as a Trinity—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—who are distinct yet united. “The Divine Becoming One” can reflect this unity and coalescence of the three persons into a singular divine essence.
Dynamic Interactions: This term helps to convey the dynamic interactions within the Trinity, showing how the divine persons are distinct yet act in perfect harmony and unity.

3. Illustrates the Concept of Divine Immanence

Immanence: “The Divine Becoming One” suggests that the divine is not distant or detached but actively involved in the world. It emphasizes God’s immanence—His presence and work within creation, drawing everything towards unity with Himself.
Incarnation and Presence: The term can also reflect the idea of the divine becoming present in human history through events like the Incarnation of Christ, suggesting a continual process of divine engagement and embodiment.

4. Conveys the Idea of Divine Evolution

Theological Evolution: This term can be seen as a way to articulate the concept of divine evolution or development in relation to creation. It reflects a view that the divine interacts with and transforms creation in an ongoing process.
Process Theology: In process theology, God is seen as continually evolving and interacting with the world. “The Divine Becoming One” aligns with this perspective by highlighting God’s dynamic relationship with creation.

5. Highlights the Unity of Diverse Beliefs

Inclusivity: The term can bridge various religious and philosophical perspectives by focusing on the concept of divine unity and becoming. It can be inclusive of different understandings of God or the divine while emphasizing a shared notion of unity.
Interfaith Dialogue: “The Divine Becoming One” can facilitate dialogue between different faith traditions by focusing on the commonality of divine unity and the process of becoming rather than specific doctrinal details.

6. Provides a Fresh Perspective

Avoiding Assumptions: The term moves beyond traditional connotations and assumptions associated with the word “God,” which may be loaded with various cultural and theological implications.
New Insights: It encourages fresh insights and discussions about the nature of the divine, prompting believers and thinkers to explore the dynamic and relational aspects of divinity.

7. Reflects Biblical Themes

Biblical Unity: The concept of becoming one reflects biblical themes of unity and reconciliation. For example, John 17:21 expresses Jesus’ desire for believers to be one as He and the Father are one.
Theological Depth: The term can encapsulate the depth of biblical theology where the divine interacts with creation in a transformative and unifying manner.

Summary

“The Divine Becoming One” is a term that emphasizes the relational, dynamic, and unifying aspects of divinity. It reflects the Trinitarian unity, divine immanence, and process theology, while also offering a fresh perspective that bridges diverse religious understandings and facilitates deeper theological exploration. This term underscores a continuous process of divine engagement and unity, providing a richer and more comprehensive understanding of the divine nature than the more static concept of “God.”

The concept of the Trinity, while explicitly detailed in the New Testament, is not as clearly outlined in the Old Testament. However, many theologians and scholars have drawn connections between the two to illustrate a consistent biblical view of God’s triune nature. Here’s a synthesis of how the reality of the Trinity can be understood through scripture from both the Old and New Testaments:

Old Testament References

Genesis 1:26: “Then God said, ‘Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness…’”
This verse hints at a plural aspect in the Godhead. The use of “us” and “our” suggests a multi-personal dimension in the creation of humanity.
Genesis 18:1-3: “The LORD appeared to Abraham near the great trees of Mamre… Three men stood nearby.”
Here, the LORD appears in a form that involves three visitors. This is often seen as a foreshadowing of the triune nature of God, though it’s not explicitly Trinitarian.
Isaiah 6:8: “Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying, ‘Whom shall I send? And who will go for us?’”
Similar to Genesis 1:26, the use of “us” implies a plural aspect in God’s communication.
Isaiah 48:16: “Come near me and listen to this: ‘From the first announcement I have not spoken in secret; at the time it happens, I am there.’ And now the Sovereign LORD has sent me, endowed with his Spirit.”
This passage indicates a sending of the LORD and the Spirit, hinting at a distinction within the Godhead.
Proverbs 30:4: “Who has gone up to heaven and come down? Whose hands have gathered up the wind? Who has wrapped up the waters in a cloak? What is his name, and what is the name of his son? Tell me if you know!”
This verse poses questions about God and His Son, which is interpreted as a reference to a more complex understanding of God’s nature.

New Testament References

Matthew 28:19: “Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit…”
This command from Jesus explicitly outlines the three persons of the Trinity in the baptismal formula.
2 Corinthians 13:14: “May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.”
Paul’s benediction demonstrates the distinct roles and unity of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
John 14:16-17: “And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Advocate to help you and be with you forever—the Spirit of truth.”
Jesus speaks of the Father, Himself (the Son), and the Holy Spirit, distinguishing their roles yet implying their unity.
John 1:1-14: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us.”
This passage identifies Jesus as the Word (Logos) who is both with God and is God, supporting the divinity of Christ and His unity with the Father.
Acts 5:3-4: “Then Peter said, ‘Ananias, how is it that Satan has so filled your heart that you have lied to the Holy Spirit… You have not lied just to human beings but to God.’”
Peter equates lying to the Holy Spirit with lying to God, affirming the divinity of the Holy Spirit.

These scriptures collectively build a picture of the Trinity: one God in three distinct persons—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—each fully divine and functioning in unity. The Old Testament provides foundational glimpses and anticipations of this concept, while the New Testament reveals and confirms the Trinitarian understanding more explicitly.

God the Father reveals Himself throughout the Old and New Testaments as the sovereign Creator, the holy and just ruler, the loving and compassionate Father, and the one who desires a relationship with humanity. Here’s how He reveals Himself through scripture:

Old Testament:

The Sovereign Creator and Sustainer of All:
- Genesis 1:1: “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”
- Isaiah 45:18: “For this is what the LORD says—he who created the heavens, he is God; he who fashioned and made the earth, he founded it; he did not create it to be empty, but formed it to be inhabited—he says: ‘I am the LORD, and there is no other.'”
The Holy and Righteous Judge:
- Exodus 34:6-7: “And he passed in front of Moses, proclaiming, ‘The LORD, the LORD, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, abounding in love and faithfulness, maintaining love to thousands, and forgiving wickedness, rebellion, and sin. Yet he does not leave the guilty unpunished…'”
- Psalm 9:7-8: “The LORD reigns forever; he has established his throne for judgment. He rules the world in righteousness and judges the peoples with equity.”
The Loving and Faithful Covenant Maker:
- Genesis 17:7: “I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendants after you for the generations to come, to be your God and the God of your descendants after you.”
- Deuteronomy 7:9: “Know therefore that the LORD your God is God; he is the faithful God, keeping his covenant of love to a thousand generations of those who love him and keep his commandments.”
The Compassionate Redeemer:
- Isaiah 43:1: “But now, this is what the LORD says—he who created you, Jacob, he who formed you, Israel: ‘Do not fear, for I have redeemed you; I have summoned you by name; you are mine.'”
- Psalm 103:13: “As a father has compassion on his children, so the LORD has compassion on those who fear him.”

New Testament:

The Loving Father:
- John 3:16: “For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life.”
- 1 John 4:8: “Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love.”
The Father Who Seeks Relationship:
- John 1:12: “Yet to all who did receive him, to those who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God.”
- Romans 8:15: “The Spirit you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again; rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship. And by him we cry, ‘Abba, Father.'”
The Source of All Blessings:
- James 1:17: “Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does not change like shifting shadows.”
- Ephesians 1:3: “Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in the heavenly realms with every spiritual blessing in Christ.”
The Father Who Desires Worship in Spirit and Truth:
- John 4:23-24: “Yet a time is coming and has now come when the true worshipers will worship the Father in the Spirit and in truth, for they are the kind of worshipers the Father seeks. God is spirit, and his worshipers must worship in the Spirit and in truth.”
The Father Who Reveals Himself Through Jesus:
- John 14:9: “Jesus answered: ‘Don’t you know me, Philip, even after I have been among you such a long time? Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, “Show us the Father”?'”
- Colossians 1:15-16: “The Son is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him.”

Summary:

In the Old Testament, God the Father reveals Himself as the Creator, Ruler, and Covenant Maker, showing both justice and mercy. He is holy and righteous, yet compassionate and loving, desiring to redeem and maintain a relationship with His people.
In the New Testament, He is revealed as the loving Father who gives His Son for the salvation of the world, adopts believers as His children, and desires a relationship with humanity through faith. He reveals His nature fully through Jesus Christ, emphasizing love, grace, and truth.

Together, these scriptures present a picture of God the Father as both transcendent and immanent, sovereign and personal, holy and loving, deeply involved in the lives of His creation and desiring intimate relationship with humanity.

The identity of God the Son, as revealed through both the Old and New Testaments, is rich and multifaceted. Below is an exploration of key scriptures that reveal who Jesus Christ, the Son of God, claims to be and how He is understood in Christian theology.

1. The Eternal Word and Creator

Old Testament:

Genesis 1:1, 26 (NIV): “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth… Then God said, ‘Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness…’”
Interpretation: The plural “us” is often seen as a reference to the Trinity, including the Son’s involvement in creation.

New Testament:

John 1:1-3 (NIV): “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.”
Colossians 1:16 (NIV): “For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him.”

2. The Promised Messiah

Old Testament:

Isaiah 9:6-7 (NIV): “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.”

New Testament:

Luke 2:11 (NIV): “Today in the town of David a Savior has been born to you; he is the Messiah, the Lord.”
John 4:25-26 (NIV): “The woman said, ‘I know that Messiah’ (called Christ) ‘is coming. When he comes, he will explain everything to us.’ Then Jesus declared, ‘I, the one speaking to you—I am he.’”

3. The Son of God

Old Testament:

Psalm 2:7 (NIV): “I will proclaim the Lord’s decree: He said to me, ‘You are my son; today I have become your father.’”

New Testament:

Matthew 3:17 (NIV): “And a voice from heaven said, ‘This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.’”
John 10:30 (NIV): “I and the Father are one.”

4. The Suffering Servant and Redeemer

Old Testament:

Isaiah 53:5-6 (NIV): “But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was on him, and by his wounds we are healed. We all, like sheep, have gone astray, each of us has turned to our own way; and the Lord has laid on him the iniquity of us all.”

New Testament:

Matthew 20:28 (NIV): “Just as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”
1 Peter 2:24 (NIV): “He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; by his wounds you have been healed.”

5. The King of Kings and Lord of Lords

Old Testament:

Daniel 7:13-14 (NIV): “In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. He was given authority, glory, and sovereign power; all nations and peoples of every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed.”

New Testament:

Revelation 19:16 (NIV): “On his robe and on his thigh he has this name written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.”
Philippians 2:9-11 (NIV): “Therefore God exalted him to the highest place and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue acknowledge that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.”

6. The Good Shepherd

Old Testament:

Ezekiel 34:11-12 (NIV): “‘For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I myself will search for my sheep and look after them. As a shepherd looks after his scattered flock when he is with them, so will I look after my sheep.’”

New Testament:

John 10:11 (NIV): “I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.”
Hebrews 13:20-21 (NIV): “Now may the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, equip you with everything good for doing his will.”

7. The Light of the World

Old Testament:

Isaiah 42:6-7 (NIV): “I, the Lord, have called you in righteousness; I will take hold of your hand. I will keep you and will make you to be a covenant for the people and a light for the Gentiles, to open eyes that are blind, to free captives from prison and to release from the dungeon those who sit in darkness.”

New Testament:

John 8:12 (NIV): “When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, ‘I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.’”

8. The Bread of Life

Old Testament:

Exodus 16:4 (NIV): “Then the Lord said to Moses, ‘I will rain down bread from heaven for you. The people are to go out each day and gather enough for that day.’”

New Testament:

John 6:35 (NIV): “Then Jesus declared, ‘I am the bread of life. Whoever comes to me will never go hungry, and whoever believes in me will never be thirsty.’”

Conclusion:

Through these scriptures, God the Son, Jesus Christ, reveals Himself as the eternal Word, the promised Messiah, the Son of God, the suffering servant, the King of kings, the good shepherd, the light of the world, and the bread of life. These titles and roles emphasize His divine nature, His redemptive mission, His authority, and His intimate relationship with believers. His identity is rooted in both the prophecies and promises of the Old Testament and their fulfillment in the New Testament.

The Bible, both in the Old and New Testaments, provides a multifaceted revelation of who God the Spirit is. Here are some key scriptures that reveal His identity, attributes, and role:

1. The Spirit of God in Creation

Genesis 1:2: “The earth was without form, and void; and darkness was on the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the face of the waters.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit is present at the beginning of creation, active in the formation of the world.

2. The Spirit of God as Life-Giver

Job 33:4: “The Spirit of God has made me, and the breath of the Almighty gives me life.”
- Revelation: The Spirit is the source of life, involved in the creation and sustaining of human life.
John 6:63: “It is the Spirit who gives life; the flesh profits nothing. The words that I speak to you are spirit, and they are life.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit is the giver of spiritual life, essential for understanding and living out the words of Christ.

3. The Spirit as Wisdom and Understanding

Isaiah 11:2: “The Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon Him, the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the Lord.”
- Revelation: The Spirit of God embodies wisdom, understanding, counsel, might, knowledge, and reverence for the Lord, revealing these attributes in the Messiah and to those who follow Him.
1 Corinthians 2:10-11: “But God has revealed them to us through His Spirit. For the Spirit searches all things, yes, the deep things of God. For what man knows the things of a man except the spirit of the man which is in him? Even so no one knows the things of God except the Spirit of God.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit has deep knowledge of God’s thoughts and reveals divine wisdom to believers.

4. The Spirit as God’s Presence Among His People

Psalm 139:7-8: “Where can I go from Your Spirit? Or where can I flee from Your presence? If I ascend into heaven, You are there; If I make my bed in hell, behold, You are there.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit is omnipresent, indicating that God’s Spirit is everywhere, and His presence is inescapable.
1 Corinthians 3:16: “Do you not know that you are the temple of God and that the Spirit of God dwells in you?”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit dwells within believers, making them the temple of God, His very dwelling place on earth.

5. The Spirit as Sanctifier and Purifier

Psalm 51:10-11: “Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me. Do not cast me away from Your presence, and do not take Your Holy Spirit from me.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit is involved in the sanctification process, purifying and renewing the heart.
2 Thessalonians 2:13: “But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God from the beginning chose you for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit sanctifies believers, setting them apart for salvation and making them holy.

6. The Spirit as Guide and Teacher

Nehemiah 9:20: “You also gave Your good Spirit to instruct them, and did not withhold Your manna from their mouth, and gave them water for their thirst.”
- Revelation: The Spirit of God instructs and guides His people, providing spiritual sustenance and guidance.
John 14:26: “But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit is the Teacher and Helper who reminds believers of Christ’s teachings and guides them into all truth.

7. The Spirit as Comforter and Advocate

Isaiah 61:1-3: “The Spirit of the Lord God is upon Me, because the Lord has anointed Me to preach good tidings to the poor… to comfort all who mourn.”
- Revelation: The Spirit of God brings comfort and joy to those who are in mourning and need.
John 14:16-17: “And I will pray the Father, and He will give you another Helper, that He may abide with you forever—the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees Him nor knows Him; but you know Him, for He dwells with you and will be in you.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit is the Comforter (Paraclete) who abides with believers forever, providing help and advocacy.

8. The Spirit as the Spirit of Truth

John 16:13: “However, when He, the Spirit of truth, has come, He will guide you into all truth; for He will not speak on His own authority, but whatever He hears He will speak; and He will tell you things to come.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of truth, guiding believers into all truth and revealing the future according to God’s will.

9. The Spirit as the Empowerer

Micah 3:8: “But truly I am full of power by the Spirit of the Lord, and of justice and might, to declare to Jacob his transgression and to Israel his sin.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit empowers God’s servants to fulfill their calling, giving them the strength and authority to speak God’s word.
Acts 1:8: “But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be witnesses to Me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit empowers believers to be witnesses of Christ, spreading the Gospel with boldness and power.

10. The Spirit as the Seal and Guarantee

Ephesians 1:13-14: “In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise, who is the guarantee of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, to the praise of His glory.”
- Revelation: The Holy Spirit is the seal and guarantee of believers’ salvation, marking them as God’s own and securing their future inheritance.

Summary

Throughout the Bible, God the Spirit reveals Himself as the Creator, Life-Giver, Sanctifier, Guide, Comforter, and Empowerer. He is omnipresent, omniscient, and omnipotent, dwelling within believers, leading them into truth, and enabling them to live according to God’s will. The Spirit’s role is to reveal the mind of God, bring believers into a deeper relationship with Christ, and ensure that God’s promises are fulfilled in their lives.